Frequently Asked Questions

Nano-hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate compound, has gained attention as a powerful remineralising agent for teeth. Recent studies highlight that toothpaste formulated with 10% nano-hydroxyapatite delivers remineralization benefits comparable to toothpastes containing 950 ppm [1], 1000 ppm [2], and 1450 ppm [3] of sodium fluoride. Leveraging this research, EvaGlo incorporates 10% w/w nano-hydroxyapatite in its toothpaste, offering an effective fluoride-free alternative for optimal oral care.

1. Butera, A.; Pascadopoli, M.; Gallo, S.; Lelli, M.; Tarterini, F.; Giglia, F.; Scribante, A. SEM/EDS Evaluation of the Mineral Deposition on a Polymeric Composite Resin of a Toothpaste Containing Biomimetic Zn-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite (microRepair®) in Oral Environment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Polymers (Basel). 2021, 13, doi:10.3390/polym13162740.
2. Juntavee, A.; Juntavee, N.; Sinagpulo, A.N. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Gel and Its Effects on Remineralization of Artificial Carious Lesions. Int. J. Dent. 2021, 2021, doi:10.1155/2021/7256056.
3. Paszynska, E.; Pawinska, M.; Enax, J.; Meyer, F.; Schulze zur Wiesche, E.; May, T.W.; Amaechi, B.T.; Limeback, H.; Hernik, A.; Otulakowska-Skrzynska, J.; et al. Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial. f. pub. h. 2023, 11, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728.

Nano-hydroxyapatite is a remineralising agent that can be used in toothpaste to promote the reintegration of calcium and phosphate ions into teeth. It is renowned for its biocompatibility with the tooth structure, non-toxicity, suitability for children, natural teeth-whitening benefits, and its effectiveness in reducing dentine sensitivity [1,2]. The biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite stems from its close structural and chemical match to natural teeth. Human enamel is made up of 97% nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystallites, while dentine consists of approximately 70% [3,4,5].

1. Chen, L.; Al-bayatee, S.; Khurshid, Z.; Shavandi, A.; Brunton, P.; Ratnayake, J. Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products — A Review. Materials. 2021, 14, 4865–4885.
2. Meyer, F.; Enax, J.; Amaechi, B.T.; Limeback, H.; Fabritius, H.; Ganss, B.; Pawinska, M.; Paszynska, E. Hydroxyapatite as Remineralization Agent for Children’ s Dental Care. Front. Dent. Med. 2022, 3, 1–10, doi:10.3389/fdmed.2022.859560.
3. Dorozhkin, S. V; Epple, M. Biological and Medical Significance of Calcium Phosphates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 3130–3146.
4. Sarna-Boś, K.; Skic, K.; Boguta, P.; Adamczuk, A.; Vodanovic, M.; Chalas, R. Elemental mapping of human teeth enamel, dentine and cementum in view of their microstructure. Micron 2023, 172, doi:10.1016/j.micron.2023.103485.
5. Anil, A.; Ibraheem, W.I.; Meshni, A.A.; Preethanath, R.; Anil, S. Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries. In Dental Caries – The Selection of Restoration Methods and Restorative Materials; Rusu, L.-C., Ardelean, L.C., Gehrke, S.A., Eds.; IntechOpen, 2022 ISBN 978-1-80356-360-2.

Research confirms that nano-hydroxyapatite (n-Ha) is non-toxic to cells [1,2] and poses no risk of intestinal absorption if swallowed [3]. Furthermore, the European Union’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has approved n-Ha for use in toothpaste, ensuring safety through regulations on concentration, particle shape, and surface modifications. Guided by this evidence, EvaGlo incorporates n-Ha in compliance with the SCCS’s regulations to ensure that the toothpaste is both safe and effective at remineralising teeth.

1. Coelho, C.C.; Grenho, L.; Gomes, P.S.; Quadros, P.A.; Fernandes, M.H. Nano-hydroxyapatite in oral care cosmetics: characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 1–10, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47491-z.
2. Kavasi, R.; Coelho, C.C.; Platania, V.; Quadros, P.A.; Chatzinikolaidou, M. In Vitro Biocompatibility Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, doi:/10.3390/nano11051152.
3. Ramis, J.M.; Coelho, C.C.; Córdoba, A.; Quadros, P.A.; Monjo, M. Safety Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as an Oral Care Ingredient according to the EU Cosmetics Regulation. Cosmetics 2018, 5, doi:/10.3390/cosmetics5030053.